Meno, by Plato
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Meno, by Plato
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Plato is a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. Plato is one of the most important Western philosophers, exerting influence on virtually every figure in philosophy after him. His dialogue The Republic is known as the first comprehensive work on political philosophy. Plato also contributed foundationally to ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology. His student, Aristotle, is also an extremely influential philosopher and the tutor of Alexander the Great of Macedonia.
Meno, by Plato- Published on: 2015-11-16
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .17" w x 6.00" l, .24 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 74 pages
About the Author Plato (427-347 B.C.) was a classical Greek philosopher and writer whose best-known works include the Republic, the Apology, and the Symposium.
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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful. "We shall be better and braver if we think that we ought to enquire" By Viktor Blasjo Conventionally, the Meno is of course taken to be a profound work on epistemology: Meno puts forth a devastating "paradox" calling into question the very possibility of learning (80d), which Socrates can only defuse with a sophisticated and portentous theory of knowledge as recollection that is to become a linchpin of the mature Platonic worldview.I believe that this reading of the Meno, and Plato generally, is a distortion caused by the unwarranted projection onto Plato of the nowadays all-pervasive conception that all philosophy must be a sober quest for truth. Indeed, if we listen to Plato's own words we see that, far from claiming to have dealt with a momentous problem of epistemology, he is instead at pains to ridicule the problem and belittle his own solution:"We ought not to listen to this sophistical argument about the impossibility of enquiry: for it will make us idle; and is sweet only to the sluggard; but the other saying will make us active and inquisitive." (81d) "Some things I have said of which I am not altogether confident. But that we shall be better and braver and less helpless if we think that we ought to enquire, than we should have been if we indulged in the idle fancy that there was no knowing and no use in seeking to know what we do not know---that is a theme upon which I am ready to fight, in word and deed, to the utmost of my power." (86b-c)In other words, the important thing is not epistemology or truth but the kind of life we ought to live: active, brave, and inquisitive.I think this misunderstood point is crucial for understanding several other misinterpreted passages in Plato, particularly regarding science. Consider for example Plato's condemnations of experimental and empirical science in the Timaeus (68d and 91d). It would be a mistake to interpret these passages as signs of the backwardness of Plato's conception of science, as is often done. The point Plato is making is simply this: it is good to think and come up with imaginative theories. Now, some people will try to deflate this enterprise by pointing out that these fancy theories fail to agree with actual, empirical observations. These people miss the point. Beautiful theories are an end in themselves; observations be damned. Fools with no imagination think they are being clever when they try to disprove theories by observations, but they prove nothing besides their own inability to understand the purpose of philosophy. What is the point in ruining a child's happy play by pointing out that the stick he is holding is not really a sword? This is all these fools do, and they imagine themselves superior for it. These are the people Plato is attacking in the Timaeus.Again in the Republic we have the same pattern: "we will let be the things in the heavens, if we are to have a part in the true science of astronomy," says Plato, and the truth-mob jump to chastise him so quickly that they forget to read the second half of the sentence: "and so convert to right use from uselessness that natural indwelling intelligence of the soul" (530c). Again the point is clear: the purpose of science is not to amass truths but "to lead the best part of the soul up to the contemplation of what is best among realities" (532c).Thus Plato's aversion to empirical science is not a matter of epistemology but simply a practical judgement as to what type of philosophy leads to a richer and more satisfying life of the mind. Empiricism spoils many fun theories and offers nothing in their place but dry and boring catalogues of facts. But Plato likes beautiful theories, whether true or not, and he dislikes catalogues of facts. So he condemns empiricism for this reason---in order to stay true to the ideal laid down in the Meno: to be active, brave, and inquisitive.
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